Infringement proven, or disproven, down to the component.
When a specific product is at the centre of a licence or a dispute, the question is no longer who might infringe, but whether this product does, element by element. Our patent attorneys and engineers analyse the product itself, from documentation and teardown to software and testing, and deliver evidence-of-use charts that hold up with licensees, opponents and courts.
- Technical analysis of hardware, software, processes and materials
- Claim-to-product mapping with evidence of use for every element
- Reverse engineering insight, from teardown to firmware
Request an analysis
Share the patent and the product. An attorney replies within one business day with scope, timeline and fees.
You know the product. We show exactly how it reads on the claims.
Infringement analysis is the detailed technical and legal comparison of one patent against one product, process or system. It starts where a search ends: the target is known, and the task is to prove, or disprove, that every element of a claim is present.
That takes more than reading a product page. We construe the claims, study the product in depth, and where public documents fall short, use teardown, software analysis and testing to find the evidence. The result is an opinion and a set of evidence-of-use charts your licensing team or counsel can rely on.
At a glance
- Starts from
- A specific patent and a specific product
- Analyses
- Hardware, software, processes and materials
- Methods
- Documentation, teardown, code and testing
- Acting for
- Patent owners and accused infringers
- Used for
- Licensing, notices, litigation, design-around
- You receive
- Opinion with evidence-of-use charts
From the product in your hand to evidence a court can use.
Patent attorneys and engineers work side by side, so the technical findings and the legal reading always agree.
Product and technical analysis
We take the product apart, on paper and in practice, to understand exactly how it works and which features matter for the claims.
- Architecture, block diagrams and feature breakdown
- Manuals, datasheets, SDKs, API docs and release notes reviewed
- Regulatory filings (FCC, FDA 510(k), CE) mined for internals
- Open-source code and firmware repositories examined
- Versions, variants and regional models compared
- Sales, launch and availability dates recorded for the damages period
Claim-to-product mapping
Claims construed with care, then mapped element by element to the product, so every limitation is accounted for.
- Claim construction from the specification, file history and case law
- Means-plus-function and functional language analysed
- Element-by-element mapping to product features
- Literal infringement and doctrine of equivalents assessed
- Independent and dependent claims ranked by strength
- Claim families and continuations screened for better-fitting claims
Evidence of use (EoU)
Charts that show, with cited and preserved evidence, how the product meets each element of the claim.
- EoU charts with annotated figures, screenshots and test data
- Every source dated, linked, archived and hashed
- Pin cites to page, figure, timestamp or line of code
- Gaps flagged, with ways to close them
- Separate charts for each product, version and claim
- Formatted for licensing decks, notices or pleadings
Reverse engineering insight
When public documents are not enough, we look inside the product to find the evidence that settles the question.
- Hardware teardown and component identification
- Board tracing and, through partners, die-level imaging
- Software, firmware and app behaviour analysis
- Network traffic capture and protocol decoding
- Materials and chemical analysis through accredited laboratories
- Chain of custody kept for every purchased sample
Non-infringement and design-around
For accused infringers, the same rigour applied to show what the product does not do, or how it can avoid the claims.
- Missing-element and non-infringement charts
- Claim construction positions that narrow the asserted claims
- Prior art squeeze: if it reads on us, it reads on the art
- Design-around options assessed against every claim
- Engineering change review before release
- Freedom to operate input for new versions
Litigation and licensing support
Analysis built to be used, by your licensing team at the negotiating table or your counsel in court.
- Infringement opinions for boards, insurers and counsel
- Support for notices, complaints and contentions
- Technical input to expert reports and depositions
- Royalty base, smallest saleable unit and apportionment insight
- Licensing target lists ranked by evidence and revenue
- Responses to counter-charts from the other side
Every route to infringement, tested on the facts.
Infringement is not one question but several. We test each theory that could apply to your patent and product, and tell you which are strong.
Literal infringement
Every element of the claim is present in the product exactly as claimed. The baseline test in every jurisdiction.
Doctrine of equivalents
An element is met by an equivalent that performs substantially the same function, in the same way, with the same result.
Indirect infringement
Induced and contributory infringement, where a supplier enables or encourages others, such as customers, to infringe.
Divided and joint infringement
Method steps performed by more than one party, such as a device maker, a cloud service and an end user.
Process and product-by-process
Manufacturing methods and products defined by how they are made, including imports made abroad by a patented process.
Software and system claims
Method, system and computer-readable medium claims mapped across devices, apps and servers.
Means-plus-function claims
Functional claim language construed against the structure disclosed in the specification, and its equivalents.
Standard essential patents
Claims mapped to the standard to show essentiality, then to products that implement the standard.
Territorial acts
Making, using, selling, offering and importing assessed country by country where the patent is in force.
Specialists for every kind of product.
Each analysis is led by an engineer or scientist from the field, so the product is understood the way its designers understand it.
Semiconductors
Chip architecture, process nodes, memory, packaging and power management. We analyse how a chip is designed and made, and where it sits in the end product.
- Datasheets, reference designs and application notes
- Die-level imaging and delayering via laboratory partners
- Process node and packaging analysis
- Chip-to-device mapping across customers
- Supply chain tracing from foundry to brand
- Claim charts for circuit, process and system claims
Telecom and SEPs
4G, 5G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, video codecs and IoT protocols, where claims are mapped to the standard and then to the products that implement it.
- Essentiality charts against specific standard releases
- Standard contributions and change requests reviewed
- Protocol and over-the-air traffic testing
- Chipset and module to device mapping
- Implementer product lists for licensing programmes
- Support for FRAND rate and comparable analysis
Software, AI and cloud
Apps, platforms, machine learning, SaaS and cloud systems, where claimed steps often span devices, servers and users.
- App, API and user interface behaviour analysis
- Network traffic and client-server step mapping
- Open-source code and documentation review
- Machine learning pipelines and model features
- Divided infringement across parties assessed
- Evidence preserved with timestamps and versions
Consumer electronics
Phones, wearables, smart home, audio and display devices, often analysed through teardown and feature testing.
- Teardowns with component identification
- Firmware and feature testing
- FCC and regulatory filing review
- User manuals and support documentation
- Version and regional model comparison
- Bill of materials and supplier insight
Medical devices
Diagnostics, implants, surgical tools, imaging and digital health, where regulatory records reveal how products work.
- FDA 510(k), PMA and CE technical records
- Instructions for use and labelling review
- Clinical and technical literature
- Device inspection and functional testing
- Software as a medical device analysis
- Method-of-use and system claims mapped
Pharma and biotech
Formulations, biologics, manufacturing processes and methods of treatment, where evidence comes from labels, dossiers and the laboratory.
- Product labels, monographs and package inserts
- Composition and structure testing in accredited labs
- Regulatory dossiers and public assessment reports
- Process and product-by-process claims assessed
- Biosimilar and generic product comparison
- Clinical literature for method-of-use claims
Automotive and EV
Batteries, charging, ADAS, powertrain, infotainment and connected vehicle systems.
- Service manuals and repair documentation
- Battery and component teardowns
- Charging protocol and communication testing
- ADAS and infotainment feature analysis
- Supplier and component tracing to the vehicle maker
- Regional model and software version comparison
Industrial and mechanical
Machinery, tools, robotics, materials handling and manufacturing systems.
- Product inspection, drawings and specifications
- Process observation and video evidence
- Trade show and catalogue evidence
- Installation and maintenance manuals
- Mechanical claim construction and equivalents
- Customer site and use evidence where public
Fintech and energy
Payments, security, trading platforms, solar, storage and grid technology.
- Platform and transaction flow analysis
- Security and authentication method mapping
- Datasheets and certification records
- Field installation and grid connection documents
- Inverter and storage system testing
- Standards mapping for payment and energy protocols
When the evidence is inside the product, we go and find it.
Public documents rarely show everything. We choose the right technique for the technology and the claim, working with specialist laboratories where needed.
Hardware teardown
Products dismantled and documented, with components, layouts and assemblies identified and photographed at every stage.
Circuit and chip analysis
Board-level tracing and, through laboratory partners, delayering and die-level imaging of integrated circuits.
Software and firmware
App and firmware behaviour observed, logged and analysed to show how claimed functions are performed.
Network and protocol testing
Traffic captured and decoded to evidence claimed communication methods and standards features.
Materials and chemistry
Composition and structure analysed through accredited laboratories for chemical, materials and formulation claims.
Process and use observation
Methods of manufacture and use documented through bench testing, demonstrations, video and public records.
Nine sources, every one documented.
Strong charts draw on several independent sources for each element. Every item is dated, archived and preserved, so it can be relied on later.
Product documentation
User manuals, installation guides, datasheets, white papers and service manuals.
Websites, apps and video
Product pages, app stores, help centres, demos and archived web pages with dates.
Regulatory filings
FCC, FDA, CE, EMA and other filings that describe internal design and operation.
Standards and contributions
Standards specifications, change requests and company contributions to standards bodies.
Open-source code
Public repositories, firmware images and licences showing how functions are implemented.
The target's own patents and papers
Patents, publications and conference talks by the target's engineers describing its products.
Litigation and agency records
Court filings, expert reports, ITC records and prior licensing disputes involving the product.
Marketing and investor materials
Earnings calls, investor decks, press releases and trade show materials.
Purchased product testing
Products bought on the open market, then torn down, tested and documented with chain of custody.
Public documents, teardown and testing, in one chart.
Each element is supported by the strongest available evidence, with a pin cite to its source, so a licensee or a court can check it in seconds.
| Ref | Claim element | Evidence in the product | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1[pre] | A wireless charging device, comprising: | “YOUR BRAND Charger is a wireless charging pad for phones and earbuds.”Product page, archived 12 Mar 2026 | Present |
| 1[a] | a housing having a charging surface; | Figure 2 of the user manual shows the top charging surface of the housing.User manual, p. 4, Fig. 2 | Present |
| 1[b] | a transmitter coil positioned beneath the charging surface; | Teardown photograph shows a copper coil directly beneath the top cover.Teardown report, image 3 (sample #A-102) | Present |
| 1[c] | a sensor configured to detect the position of a receiver device; and | FCC test report describes “device position detection” using coil array sensing.FCC filing, exhibit 7, p. 12 | Present |
| 1[d] | a controller that adjusts power based on the detected position. | Power output measured at 5 W centred and 3.2 W offset by 10 mm, showing position-based adjustment.Bench test, data set T-4 | Present |
A simplified, fictional example. Real charts include annotated figures, test methods and full source copies, formatted for your licensing programme, court or office.
From claim language to evidence of use.
A structured process keeps every element accounted for and every piece of evidence traceable.
- 01
Scoping and conflicts
Patents, products and goals agreed; conflicts cleared.
- 02
Claim construction
Claims split into elements and key terms construed.
- 03
Product study and evidence plan
Public evidence gathered, gaps and test methods identified.
- 04
Mapping and testing
Each element mapped to cited, preserved evidence.
- 05
Two-level review
Engineer and patent attorney review strength and risk.
- 06
Opinion and walkthrough
Findings delivered and discussed with your team.
An infringement case is only as strong as its weakest element. We tell you where the evidence is solid, where it is thin and what it would take to close the gap, before anyone relies on it.
Request an analysisFrom one product to a global programme.
Choose the engagement that fits the decision in front of you. Each can be scaled up as the matter develops.
Single product opinion
One patent against one product, with a full opinion and evidence-of-use charts.
- Best for a specific licence or dispute
- Fixed scope and fee
- Optional testing add-on
Portfolio screening
Many patents against many products, ranked so you know where to focus.
- Patent-to-product heat map
- Top targets charted in full
- Ideal before a licensing campaign
SEP essentiality programme
Patents mapped to standards, then to the products that implement them.
- Essentiality charts per standard release
- Implementer product mapping
- Support for FRAND negotiations
Litigation retainer
A dedicated technical team alongside your counsel for the life of the case.
- Contentions and expert support
- Rapid responses to counter-charts
- Deposition and trial preparation
Design-around programme
Ongoing review of new product versions against known patents.
- Engineering change reviews
- Non-infringement opinions
- Release sign-off support
Second opinion
Independent review of charts or opinions prepared by others.
- Gaps and weaknesses identified
- Stronger claims or evidence suggested
- Fast turnaround before key decisions
Findings you can act on, whichever side you are on.
Delivered in Word, Excel or your firm's template, ready for the next step.
What the analysis includes
Evidence and opinion, organised for use.
- Executive summary with a clear conclusion
- Product overview and features analysed
- Claim construction applied to key terms
- Element-by-element evidence-of-use charts
- Teardown photographs, test methods and data
- Sources with dates, links, archives and hashes
- Status of every element: present, absent or gap
- Risks, counter-arguments and alternative readings
- Attorney opinion on infringement and strength
- Recommended next steps and priorities
What clients do with it
From negotiation to the courtroom.
- Open licensing discussions with evidence
- Send or answer a notice with confidence
- Support complaints, contentions and expert reports
- Answer counter-charts from the other side
- Defend with non-infringement positions
- Plan design-arounds for new product versions
- Value patents for sale, purchase or financing
- Prioritise which patents and products to pursue
- Brief boards, insurers and investors on exposure
- Support FRAND and SEP negotiations
Engineering depth with a patent attorney's eye.
Global companies and law firms rely on us when the technology is complex and the evidence has to be right.
Attorney-led analysis
Claims construed and opinions signed off by patent attorneys, not left to analysts alone.
Engineers in your field
Specialists in electronics, software, telecom, mechanical, chemistry and life sciences.
Testing capability
Teardown, software and network analysis in house, with accredited laboratory partners.
Two-level quality review
Every chart checked by an engineer and a patent attorney before it reaches you.
Evidence preservation
Sources archived and hashed; purchased samples kept with chain of custody.
Global perspective
Analysis framed for the courts and licensing markets where your patents are in force.
Built to your deadlines
Rush analysis for court dates, licensing meetings and board decisions.
Commercial focus
Targets and claims ranked by evidence strength and revenue at stake.
Confidential and conflict-checked
Strict confidentiality, conflict checks, and work structured to support privilege with your counsel.
Questions about infringement analysis.
Answers to what IP teams and counsel ask us most.
A product you need analysed?
Send us the patent and the product. We will reply with a scope and quote within one business day.
Request an analysis01How is infringement analysis different from an infringement search?
An infringement search looks across the market for products that may use your patent. Infringement analysis takes one known product and examines it in depth to prove, or disprove, that every claim element is present.
02What is evidence of use (EoU)?
Evidence showing that a product meets each element of a patent claim, usually presented as a claim chart with cited documents, figures, screenshots or test results. It is the basis of most licensing and enforcement programmes.
03Do you assess the doctrine of equivalents and indirect infringement?
Yes. Where an element is not met literally, we assess equivalents. We also consider induced, contributory and divided infringement where several parties perform the claimed steps.
04When is reverse engineering needed?
When public documents do not show how an element is implemented, for example inside a chip, in firmware or in a manufacturing process. We recommend it only where it adds real value to the case.
05How do you make sure evidence can be relied on later?
Every web source is archived with its date and a hash, documents are kept in full, and purchased products are logged with chain of custody, so the evidence can be verified at any point.
06Do you analyse software and standards-based products?
Yes. We analyse apps, firmware and network behaviour, and map claims to standards such as cellular, Wi-Fi and video codecs, then to products that implement them.
07Can you screen a whole portfolio against competitor products?
Yes. Portfolio screening ranks patent and product pairs by fit and evidence, then charts the strongest in full, which is how most licensing campaigns begin.
08Can you help if we are accused of infringement?
Yes. We apply the same rigour to show missing elements, build non-infringement positions, apply the prior art to the asserted reading, and assess design-around options.
09Is the analysis suitable for litigation?
Our analysis and charts are prepared to support counsel and expert witnesses. Evidence is cited and preserved so it can be relied on, and we work with your counsel on how it is presented.
10How long does an analysis take?
It depends on the number of claims, the complexity of the product and whether testing is needed. We confirm scope, timeline and fee before work starts, and offer rush options.
Evidence that settles the infringement question.
Share the patent and the product. An attorney will reply within one business day.
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